Beyond the crossing lies the sanctuary, whether apse, choir, or chevet. Another type worked on the pivot principle, where the inner part of the bridge was moved into a pit while the outer part rose to completely cover the entry, also known as a turning bridge. Examples. An 18th Century style of art and decoration with a concern for the trivial rather than the significant; colorful and capricious, closely linked historically with the fashionable reign of Louis XV of France; the style was in reaction against the oppressive formality of French classical baroque. Neoclassicism:   A movement which originated in Rome in the 18th Century. Baroque succeeded mannerism, lasting well into the 18th century. European architecture in the Early Middle Ages may be divided into Early Christian, Romanesque architecture, Russian church architecture, Norse architecture, Pre-Romanesque, including Merovingian, Carolingian, Ottonian, and Asturian. Archway An opening with a … After the Reformation, the stone altars were replaced by wooden communion tables. This kind of castle however did not present a co-ordinated defensive system and thus had a noticeable military weakness. The projecting end is usually connected to the roof with a diagonal brace. Originally the triangular space was formed by the end of a gable roof and later was used decoratively. Yett: A hinged iron grille used to strengthen gates in tower-houses and peel towers. These elements produced this style in response to a century-long search for an architectural style suited to modern materials (steel, glass & concrete), and engineering techniques, freed from borrowed forms. St. Mary’s Church in Kilkenny has been converted into the Medieval Mile Museum. So, art forms express experience, whether it be in painting or sculpture. The most elaborate type worked on a counterpoise system; the chains were suspended from beams which, when the bridge was drawn up, fitted into recesses provided above the entrance. Generally, a drawbridge was hinged at the bottom and free at the top, and could be drawn up to prevent and enemy gaining entry. See water castle. They could be withdrawn, thrown down or destroyed if necessary, depending on the situation. Flying buttresses:   A free-standing buttress attached to the main nave, choir, or transept wall by an arch or half-arch which transmits the thrust of the vault to the buttress attached to the outer wall of the aisle. While these terms are problematic, they nonetheless serve adequately as entries into the era. Art Nouveau:   A French term meaning 'new art,' refers to a style of architecture, decorative art and some painting and sculpture popular around 1900. Vault:   An arched, masonry structure covering, that spans an interior space. Windows gained a cross-shape for more than decorative purposes, they provided a perfect fit for a crossbowman to safely shoot at invaders from inside. Baroque succeeded mannerism, lasting well into the 18th century. They controled the eastern portion of the empire (modern Germany & Austria) during the 10th Century; named for Otto I (936-973), Otto II (973-983), and Otto III (983-1002). So, art forms express experience, whether it be in painting or sculpture. The basic thesis of empiricism is that legitimate human knowledge arises from what is provided to the mind by the senses or by introspective awareness through experience. The entrance was situated on the first floor. For additional castle architecture terms and castle siege definition, please Click Here . Examples. The projecting end is usually connected to the roof with a diagonal brace. The scope was monumental in scale, with much ornamentation. Licence to crenellate:   The granting of a royal licence or warrant of royal permission, giving permission to the holder to build a fortification or to fortify an existing structure such as a Landhaus or a manor house. An Ionic capital has a volute, or a spiral scroll-like carving, on each side as its major decoration. Ambulatory. Lunette:   A semi-circular wall area, framed by an arch over a door or window. Grotesque:   A Gargole, a marginal figure or animal, or a combination of human and animal or plant, used frequently as an outside building decoration, and in Gothic manuscript illumination and especially in marginal illumination. Altar. Drawbridge:   A bridge which was used to provide access to a fortification, and when in the raised position it closed the entrance. They are used to support such structures as breteches, hoardings and machicolations. Tracery:   The thin stone or wooden bars in a Gothic window, screen, or pannel, which create an elaborate decorative matrix or pattern. Windless: A device used to increase the force to make it easier to hoist, tighten, or move objects.A horizontal barrel supported on vertical posts and turned by a crank so that the hoisting rope is wound around the Hoarding:   A covered wooden gallery built out from the parapet of a tower or curtain wall supported on corbels, used for defensive purposes. Stereobate - the surface on which the stylobate stands.. Stoa - a long and narrow columned building often used to enclose a particular space at religious sites and public places such as markets and gymnasia.Used as a meeting place and shelter from the weather. The operation was made easier by the fact that the two components did not support each other; once the bailey fell to the enemy, all the enemy's forces could then be concentrated on the keep. Examples. 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